"Alcohol was officially recognized as an addiction in 1937. Alcoholics Anonymous, or AA, was the first succesful model for treating addiction, and it started a new trend. Begun by Bill W., AA established a model composed of twelve steps intended to support abstinence from alcohol and lead to spiritual recovery. The wisdom underlying the steps draws from Eastern teachings aws well as Christianity and is profound in its understanding of the process of healing. The wording of the steps, however, carries a deefinite patricarchal Christian tone, using the image of an all-powerful, external male God and implying that on's goal is to get rid of "character defects" rather than balancing, integrating, accepting or transforming them."
-Charlotte Davis Kasl,
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